Mt. 22:23 The same day the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to Him and asked Him,
Mk. 12:18 Then some Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to Him; and they asked Him, saying,
Lk. 20:27 Then some of the Sadducees, who deny that there is a resurrection, came to Him and asked Him,
Josephus describes the doctrine of the Sadducees this way: “But the doctrine of the Sadducees is this: that souls die with the bodies; nor do they regard the observation of anything besides what the Law enjoins them; for they think it an instance of virtue to dispute with those teachers of philosophy whom they frequent; but this doctrine is received but by a few, yet by those still of the greatest dignity. But they are able to do almost nothing of themselves; for when they become magistrates, as they are unwilling and by force sometimes obliged to be, they bind themselves with notions of the Pharisees, because the multitude would not otherwise bear them.” (Jos. Ant. 18.2.4 16,17)
The doctrine of the resurrection is possibly the most published belief of the Pharisees and some think it is the main energy of evangelism. Actually, both the Egyptians and the Zoroastrians, long before the Pharisees, held the concept of resurrection, but neither were able to cover the world with their evangelism as did the Pharisees.
Antigonus of Soko taught the maxim, “Be not like servants who serve their master for the sake of wages,. But rather like those who serve without thought of receiving wages.” Two of his disciples, Zadok and Boethus, mistaking the high ethical purport of the maxim, arrived at the conclusion that there was no future retribution, saying, “What servant would work all day without obtaining his due reward in the evening?” Instantly they broke away from the Law and lived in great luxury, using many silver and gold vessels at their banquets, and they established schools which declared the enjoyment of this life to be the goal of man, at the same time pitying the Pharisees for their biter privation in this world with no hope of another world to compensate them. These two schools were called after their founders, the Sadducees and the Boethusians.
Mt. 22:24 Saying, “Teacher, Moses said that if a man dies, having no children, his brother shall marry his wife and raise up offspring for his brother.”
Mk. 12:19 “Teacher, Moses wrote to us that if a man’s brother dies, and leaves his wife behind, and leaves no children, his brother should take his wife and raise up offspring for his brother.”
Lk. 20:28 Saying, “Teacher, Moses wrote to us that if a man’s brother dies, having a wife, and he dies without children, his brother should take his wife and raise up offspring for his brother.”
This concept is known in Jewish tradition as the Kinsman/Redeemer. This law was given for two purposes: first, that the name of the deceased should not perish in Israel; and second, that the family inheritance not be lost. This gracious God-given law was the central theme of the book of Ruth. But the Sadducees to this law to an extreme, unjustified position.
Source: Deut. 25:5, 6
Mt. 22:25 “Now there were with us seven brothers. The first died after he had married, and having no offspring, left his wife to his brother.
Mk. 12:20 “Now there were seven brothers. The first took a wife; and dying, he left no offspring.
Lk. 20:29 “Now there were seven brothers. And the first took a wife, and died without children..
Mt. 22:26a “Likewise the second also.”
Mk. 12:21a “And the second took her, and he died; nor did he leave any offspring.”
Lk. 20:30 “And the second took her as wife, and he died childless.”
Mt. 22:26b “And the third.”
Mk. 12:21b “And the third likewise.”
Lk. 20:31a “Then the third took her.”
Mt. 232:26c “Even to the seventh.”
Mk. 12:22a “So the seven had left her and left no offspring.”
Lk. 20:31b “And in like manner the seven also, and they left no children and died.”
Note the parallel of the woman who had been married seven times was illustrating the resurrection and not a real life marriage situation. By Rabbinic law a woman who was widowed several times was not permitted to remarry because sh was considered dangerous and was called a Katlanit, which means “killer.” (Tos. Shab. 15:8; BT:Yeb. 64b). This law was not based on a definite commandment, but rather on superstition and fear. A wife was not considered a katlanit if either of her husbands had died by accident or having reached the age of 65 (Eben Haezer 9:1).
Sources: Tosefta Shabbat 15:8; BT:Yebamoth 64b; Eben Hazer 9:1
Mt. 22:27 “And last of all the woman died also.”
Mk. 12:22b “Last of all the woman died also.”
Lk. 20:32 “Last of all the woman died also.”
Mt. 22:28 “Therefore, in the resurrection, whose wife will she be? For they all had her.”
Mk. 12:23 “Therefore, in the resurrection, when they rise, whose wife shall she be? For all seven had her as wife.”
Lk. 20:33 “Therefore, in the resurrection, whose wife does she become? For all seven had her as wife.”
Mt. 22:29 Yeshua answered and said to them, “You are mistaken, not knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of God.”
Mk. 12:24 Yeshua answered and said to them, “Are you not therefore mistaken because you do not know the Scriptures nor the power of God.”
Lk. 20:33 “Again Yeshua answered and said to them, “The sons of this age marry and are given in marriage.”
Mt. 22:30 “For in the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels of God in Heaven.”
Mk. 12:25 “For when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but re like the angels in Heaven.”
Lk. 29:35 “But those who are counted worthy to attain that age, and the resurrection from the dead, neither marry nor are give in marriage.”
The resurrection, when it comes, is not merely a re-awakening, rather is a full scale transformation. There will be no need for marriage in Heaven. Like the angels in Heaven, we will not marry because we will not be needing to reproduce. Resurrected bodies cannot be reproduced by natural generation.
Lk. 20:36 “Nor can they die any more. For they are equal to the angels and are the sons of God, being the sons of the resurrection.
The “sons of the resurrection” is a title found in the Mishnah.
Source: M:Baba Kamma 4:6
Mt. 22:31 “But concerning the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what was spoken to you by God, saying,
Mk. 12:26a “But concerning the dead , that they rise, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the burning bush passage, how God spoke to him, saying,”
Lk. 20:37a “Now even Moses showed in the burning bush passage that the dead are raised, when he called the Lord.”
Mt. 22:32a “‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?’”
Mk. 12:26b “‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’”
Lk. 20:37b “‘The God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’”
The patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob had been dead for centuries, but God appeared to Moses and said, “I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” The whole argument revolved around the tense of the verb. God did not say, “I was,” but “I am.” They were still alive, although they had died centuries before, and God was still their God. Resurrection life was real. The Sadducees were wrong, and this was demonstrated by Moses, the very one they exalted and presumed to follow.
This phrase later became the way that God is addressed in the Amidah Prayer. The repetition of “God” before each patriarch is explained in Etz Yoseph, a commentary on the Jewish prayer book, as meaning that, like the patriarchs, each person should believe in God on the basis of personal investigation, not merely tradition.
Sources: Exodus 3:6, 15; Etz Yoseph
Mt. 22:32b “God is not the God of the dead, but of the living.”
Mk. 12:27 “He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living. You are therefore greatly mistaken.”
Lk. 20:38 “For He is not the God of the dead but of the living, for all live in Him.”
Mt. 22:33 And when the multitude heard this, they we astonished at His teaching.
Lk. 20:39 Then some of the scribes answered and said, “Teacher, You have spoken well.”
Lk. 20:40 But after that they dared not question Him anymore.
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